Technology and the environment
TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
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Textile raw materials
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TECHNICAL TERMS
| Absorption | Ability to take up liquids, for example |
| Hydrophobe | Ability to repel liquids, for exampe |
| Adsorption | Ability to make a substance adhere to a Surface |
| Sound insulating felt | Special felt which has the ability to attenuate noise |
| Sound insulating art | Interior decor which is used both for decoration and to reduce the noise level in a building |
| Arrestance efficiency | Unit for measuring the efficiency of filter media |
| Baffle | Screen/panel, common term in sound insulating applications |
| Base Fabric | Insert to give fabric such as needled felt or spunlace greater mechanical strength |
| Binding | Cohesion of fibres. Needled, woven, spunlace, thermally bound, etc. |
| Decibel | Unit which specifies sound level |
| Denier | Unit which specifies the thickness of a fibre, g/9,000m. alternative Dtex, g/10,000m |
| Density | Weight per unit of volume |
| Eggshell | Surface treatment which gives a filter medium a surface similar to eggshell |
| Filter Bags | Replaceable unit with filter media used, for example, in ventilation systems or dust filter Equipment |
| Filter class | Unit which specifies arrestance efficiency, usually linked to a standard based on standardised dust |
| Moulding | Manufacturing process in which a textile product is heated and pressed in a cold tool |
| Moisture content | Percentage of water in a specified volume |
| Hydrolysis | Degradation process, usually in a warm and moist environment |
| K value | Unit for measuring thermal conductivity |
| Calendaring | Heat treatment to increase density and make the surface smooth. “Iron” using rollers |
| Twill | Type of textile weave – binding |
| Laminating | Process for combining different layers |
| Air distribution hose | Product for distributing ventilation air in a building through textile hoses |
| Needling | Combining textile layers using barbed needles |
| Permeability | Unit for measuring airtightness |
| Willowing | The first stage of the textile production process. The types and colours of fibre are mixed in preparation for carding |
| Rink covering | Usually a textile material for covering an ice hockey rink to make it usable for other activities |
| Circular needling | Needling process which produces a belt or hose |
| Circular weaving | Weaving process which produces a belt or hose |
| Satin | Type of textile weave – binding |
| Spunlace | Combining textile layers using a high-pressure waterjet |
| Knitting | Textile manufacturing process |
| Sleeve Coupling | Machine component, often manufactured from textiles, which links machine elements. Seals, absorbs vibration and compensates for dimensional discrepancies. Normally found for air movement |
| Support sleeve | Used in filtration to give a filter bag a required shape |
| Singeing | Treating a textile surface with an open flame to give the surface the required structure |
| Spring | The ability to compress a product, with a soft product having high spring and a hard product having low spring |
| Spring layer | A layer in a textile product which increases softness |
| Textile silo | Textile container for storing grains or powders |
| Dry mass content | The water content in proportion to dry matter |
| Pressure drop | Pressure difference between 2 points, e.g. in a ventilation or filter installation |
| Tabby | Type of textile weave – binding |
| Wadding | Separation of wad after the carding process in preparation for needling or spunlace |
| Warp | Lengthwise yarns in a woven product |
| Waterjet cutting | Use of water as a cutting medium for applications such as textile products, carried out at very high pressure |
| Crocheting | Textile manufacturing process |
| Weft | Transverse yarns in a woven product |
| Weaving | Textile manufacturing process in which yarns are bound together in different weaves |
| Density | Weight per unit of area, usually grams/square metre |